EU clashes over climate, as breakaway Britain votes

Brussels' new leadership, under European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, wants member states to commit to a carbon neutral economy by 2050.

But at least three coal-hungry countries in the east of the bloc are holding out for a more detailed promise of funding for their energy transition.

Opposition to the 2050 target from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland will feed into what is expected to be a fierce debate about the long-term EU budget.

And the clash will take Brexit's place as the dominant theme of the summit, the first to be chaired by incoming EU Council president Charles Michel.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson will not turn his back on a British polling day to make the trip to Brussels, so Michel has been loaned the UK summit vote.

But European officials and diplomats fear that the former Belgian premier's first summit will be more a baptism of fire than a honeymoon.

Efforts to convince the eastern members to back von der Leyen's "European Green Deal" have focused on a 100-billion-euro "Just Transition Mechanism".

But, a Polish source warned, converting their economies to renewable energy sources would impose "significant costs and challenges".

"Such a transition should be fair, balanced in social terms and take into account the specific situation in our states," he said.

Polish and Czech sources predicted that the fight could take the summit into the early hours of Friday morning without an agreement.

"The costs of carbon neutrality will be astronomic," Prime Minister Andrej Babis said, warning that his country alone would need 26.5 billion euros.

"We want the EU to take this into account in the next budgetary period," he said.

The next EU budgetary period is the 2021-2027 multi-year financial framework (MFF) -- the other unpalatable course on Thursday's summit menu.

'Massive brawl'

The 27 are due to discuss the budget over dinner, separately from the climate, but the hold-outs want a budget commitment to transition funding.

Babis also put his finger on another point of contention, asking that nuclear energy be explicitly endorsed as eligible for green finance.

Other atomic energy users -- especially nuclear giant France -- back this idea.

But Germany, which is phasing out its nuclear power stations, is joined by Luxembourg and Austria in opposing defining this form of energy as a renewable.

European officials acknowledge that, with their summit coinciding with the COP25 global climate conference in Madrid, failure to agree would be embarrassing.

"It's going to be a massive brawl," one diplomat warned, as others predicted the sun may be coming up again over Brussels before the talks end.

Ahead of the summit, Michel toured European capitals trying to build consensus on climate and the budget, but he admits it will be difficult.

Finland, which holds the rotating EU presidency, has proposed a seven-year budget based on national contributions amounting to 1.087 trillion euros.

'The Frugal Five'

This is equivalent to 1.07 percent of total EU GDP, but less than the 1.114 or 1.3 percent requested by the commission and the EU parliament respectively.

A so-called "Frugal Five" -- Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden -- oppose allowing EU spending to swell.

But Finland's proposed cuts would eat into plans for the green transition, a border force, the digital economy and defence -- dear to France.

Once their own disputes are resolved -- or pushed off down the road -- the EU leaders will, on Friday, turn again to Brexit.

If, as many in the EU capitals now hope, Johnson's Conservatives win a majority then Brussels will expect him to ratify the Brexit withdrawal deal.

This means the UK quits the union on January 31, and the leaders will on Friday ask EU negotiator Michel Barnier to be ready for trade talks the next day.

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