"My candidacy has the objective of restoring the spirit of confidence in Brazil," Meirelles said in Brasilia after securing the nomination of Temer's Brazilian Democratic Movement party, or MDB.
As part of Temer's team, former banker Meirelles was key to the self-declared mission to pull the country from its worst recession in history and attract investors to Latin America's biggest economy.
The country has since succeeded in returning to weak growth, but the austerity measures aimed at imposing fiscal discipline and slashing a bloated budget have been immensely unpopular.
That makes Meirelles, who also served as central bank chief under the 2003-2010 leftist administration of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, the favorite of the market community, but with almost no chance of contending seriously for the election, which starts with a first round on October 7.
In his address Thursday, Meirelles said he would pursue market reforms that he predicted would bring economic growth to four percent a year -- a long way from the one percent in 2017, let alone the deep 3.5 percent slide in the two previous years.
The MDB is one of Brazil's biggest parties but until now has preferred to take power through alliances in coalition governments, rather than seeking the presidency directly.
Temer only reached the top because he was vice president to Rousseff in an uneasy left-right alliance.
The MDB's timing is being hit hard by widespread voter revolt against a corruption scandal that has revealed systemic embezzlement and pay-to-play schemes across Brazilian politics -- with the MDB being among the worst offenders.
A right-wing candidate, ex-army officer Jair Bolsonaro, has already launched his campaign with the Social Liberal Party.
Party conventions are being held on Saturday for the center-left Rede party's candidate Marina Silva and former Sao Paulo governor Geraldo Alckmin from the center-right Brazilian Social Democratic Party, or PSDB.
The most popular politician in the country remains Lula. His Workers' Party is expected to nominate him on Saturday too -- with the hitch being that he is serving a prison sentence for corruption and is unlikely to be allowed on the ballot.