Donating whole blood (blood that hasn't had any components like plasma or platelets removed) can save up to three lives per donation, Alexander Sigua of blood service provider Vitalant told INSIDER. And new donations are always needed seeing as an individual in the US needs a blood transfusion every two seconds on average, according to the American Red Cross.
Donating blood might seem intimidating or confusing at first, but learning more about the process could help ease some of your worries. Here are some things you should know before donating blood.
In the US, there are minimum age and weight requirements you must meet in order to potentially donate blood
Jessa Merrill, a spokesperson for the American Red Cross, told INSIDER that eligible donors must be at least 17 years of age to donate blood, but you can never be too old to donate provided that you meet all other eligibility criteria. In states with certain laws, 16-year-olds can donate if they have consent from a parent or guardian.
According to the American Red Cross, eligible donors must also weigh at least 110 pounds. Notably, there are additional height and weight requirements for donors under the age of 18. In addition, a valid, government-issued form of identification is required for donors of all ages.
You'll also need to answer some questions and undergo some quick tests in order to see if you might be an eligible donor
In addition, your hemoglobin will also be tested usually via a small, sterile finger prick. According to BioBridge Global, this helps the centers to check your iron levels since iron plays a crucial role in helping your body replenish your red blood cells post-donation. If your iron levels are too low, you may be temporarily unable to donate blood until your iron levels are higher. Typically, you can boost your iron levels in a few ways,like by consuming iron-rich foods .
Like a visit to the doctor's office, your weight and blood pressure at the time of your donation will also be recorded. Additionally, your blood will be tested by the center after you donate and you'll be informed if it is found ineligible for any reason.
As Merrill told INSIDER, some of the many reasons an individual can be unable to donate include if they have certain acute illnesses such as the cold or flu, have recently traveled to certain countries outside of the US, or are taking certain medications such as antibiotics .
Ineligibility may be temporary or permanent depending on your individual circumstances and a blood center staffer will likely be able to answer any specific questions you may have.
There are a lot of myths about who can and cannot give blood, but having tattoos doesn't necessarily prohibit you from donating
Merrill said one of the most common misconceptions regarding blood donation is that individuals with tattoos cannot donate. She said this is not always the case.
"In most states, individuals may be eligible to give blood immediately after getting a tattoo as long as it was applied by a state-regulated entity using sterile needles and ink that is not reused," Merrill told INSIDER. This requirement is related to concerns about the blood-borne hepatitis C infection, which can potentially be spread through the use of unsterile tattoo needles that have been in contact with infected blood.
Currently, according to the American Red Cross, the only states that do not regulate tattoo facilities are the District of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Wyoming.
You can find out more about other eligibility requirements in the US via the American Red Cross Eligibility Criteria guide. Other countries and localities may have different eligibility requirements for potential blood donors, so you may want to do a bit of research about your local donation policies and guidelines before you begin the screening process.
You don't need to know your blood type to donate, but you will typically find out what it is when you do
Merrill told INSIDER that in a national survey conducted on behalf of the American Red Cross in April 2018, over 53% of respondents believed that they needed to know their blood type in order to donate but this widespread myth isn't true.
If you don't know your blood type at the start of the process, you'll soon learn all about it because phlebotomists (those trained to collect blood for testing or donations) and other blood center staffers will typically tell you specific traits of your blood type and how you can best help other people with your donation.
There are eight common blood types : A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-, as well as many rarer ones. Some blood types are routinely in higher demand than others, for example, O- is in high demand because it is typically in short supply at hospitals and it is oftentimes used for emergency transfusions, according to the American Red Cross.
Before giving a donation, Merrill said you should plan to get a good night's rest, hydrate, and eat a healthy meal
According to Merrill, your pre-donation meal should include foods rich in iron and vitamin C, which includes foods such as red meat, fish, poultry, beans, spinach, iron-fortified cereals, or raisins. According to the National Institutes of Health, vitamin C can help your body absorb iron and iron will help your body to replenish your red blood cells after you donate .
Merrill also said she suggests that you wear a T-shirt or something with sleeves that are easy to roll up so that donating blood is as easy and comfortable as possible.
There are a few different ways you can donate blood and some people may be encouraged to donate individual blood components instead of whole blood
Merrill told INSIDER that individuals with blood types A+, A-, B+, O+, AB+, and AB- are encouraged to consider donating platelets the blood component which helps your body form clots to stop bleeding. Cancer patients and those facing severe and life-threatening illnesses and injuries commonly rely on platelet donations. One of the reasons these donations are oftentimes needed is because platelets have a relatively short shelf life of just five to seven days .
A single platelet donation can yield several transfusable units whereas it takes about five whole blood donations just to yield a single transfusable unit of platelets.
You can also complete dedicated donations of plasma and red blood cells. To do so, you'll need to speak to your local blood center about specific donor guidelines and how they apply to you. According to Sigua, red blood cells typically have a shelf life of about 42 days whereas blood plasma may be frozen for up to one year.
Donations of all of these individual blood components is done by a process called apheresis, which Sigua told INSIDER is a specialized process that draws your blood out, separates the component(s) to be collected, and then returns the remaining components safely back into your body.
After your donation, you'll typically spend some time in a recovery area
Since everyone can react differently to the donation process, the blood center or mobile drive will typically take you to a post-donation recovery area where you can sit down, drink beverages, and eat a snack. This brief rest period is especially important for anyone who feels a little bit dizzy or light-headed post-donation.
This rest period is standard even if you become a frequent donor because sometimes your body can react differently to the process. In the hours after donating, you'll typically be encouraged to take it easy and avoid strenuous activity for the rest of the day. Post-donation, the staffers at the center will likely also encourage you to eat a filling meal , drink plenty of fluids, and get plenty of rest.
Throughout the US there are a lot of different places that accept blood donations
For example, the America's Blood Centers website allows you to input your zip code to help you find your nearest donation center . And AABB (formerly known as theAmerican Association of Blood Banks) has a blood bank locator on their website that can also help you to find a nearby donation center.
Many community organizations, workplaces, and religious organizations around the US frequently sponsor mobile blood drives, so keep an eye out for those opportunities as well.
Ultimately, if you are not eligible to donate blood you can still volunteer with blood donation organizations
If you're not eligible to donate blood but are passionate about the cause, many organizations around the US have shared a variety of ways you can still be involved.For example, the Armed Services Blood Program encourages those not eligible to donate to organize blood drives, encourage others to donate, or volunteer at local blood drives. And, according to The Red Cross website, those unable to donate can still help by volunteering to work at blood drives or by making a financial donation .
