Clarke, 33, tore his right hamstring on the final day of the first Test with India in Adelaide and was forced to leave the field prior to Australia securing a dramatic 48-run victory.
In the post-match presentation, Clarke said: "I've just had a scan, and the results are not fantastic."
And having been plagued by injuries in recent years, the middle-order batsman - who is almost certain to miss the rest of the four-Test series with India - acknowledges he may no longer be able to continue at the highest level.
"There's a chance I could never play again - I hope that's not the case and I'll be doing everything in my power to get back out on the park, but I think I've got to be realistic as well," said Clarke in a press conference.
"I think [with] my body in general, there's always that risk.
"You know, this is a different hamstring - I did my left hamstring, I've done the right side of my back, I've just done my right hammy ... obviously I've got injury concerns at the moment.
"Now I have to go back and do what the experts tell me to give myself the best chance of being fully fit, but I think I have to be honest with myself and have a good hard think about things, definitely."
Clarke, a doubt in the build-up to the game due to his left hamstring injury, was forced to retire hurt with a back problem on day one in Adelaide, but returned to the crease the next day to complete a superb hundred with his movement clearly restricted.
Following the death of close friend Phillip Hughes, Clarke insists playing at Adelaide was the right thing to do, despite his subsequent injury woes.
"I don't have one regret [about playing this match], this was the most important Test match of my career," he said.
"I have no regrets about playing in this Test, I have no regrets about going back onto the field after I retired hurt ... the rest will take care of itself.
"I'll be guided by the experts and hopefully I get another opportunity to play throughout this summer.
"I don't know exactly how long I'm going to be out for - I think our first World Cup practice game is eight weeks away.
"I'd love to take part in the [one-day international] tri-series [against India and England in January], I'd love to take part in the World Cup, but I just have to wait and see.
"I can pretty confidently say that I won't take part in this Test series unfortunately, and then I'll wait on the experts' advice and opinions on what I need to do to get back out on the park."