The defending champions opened the tournament in Spain with a 114-55 thumping of Finland one day earlier.
But they were made to work for this win, with Turkey holding a 40-35 lead at the main break after a bright start.
The US got their offense going in the second half though, and moved into a six-point lead at three-quarter-time before finishing in style with a 32-17 final term.
Kenneth Faried (22 points, eight rebounds) starred for the US while Anthony Davis (19 points, six rebounds) and James Harden (14 points and seven assists) also impressed.
All of Davis' 19 points came in the second half in the rematch of the 2010 final, which the US won 81-64 in Istanbul.
Lithuania " who finished third in Turkey four years ago " also made it two wins from two with a 75-62 triumph over Angola.Jonas Valanciunas had 11 points and 13 rebounds for Lithuania.
France edged Serbia in the thriller of the day, winning 74-73 in Granada thanks to Joffrey Lauvergne's late free throw.
Lauvergne scored with 1.1 seconds left to give France victory in a match they rarely led in.
Miroslav Raduljica (21 points, seven rebounds) starred for Serbia but Lauvergne's 19th point proved crucial.
Champions in 2006, Spain, did things far easier in a 91-54 thrashing of Egypt that was inspired by Serge Ibaka, who shot 18 points and added eight rebounds.
Joe Ingles hit 17 points as Australia eased to an 89-55 win over Korea while Luis Scola shot 30 but was unable to stop Croatia from defeating Argentina 90-85.
Other results saw Brazil beat Iran 79-50 and Greece topple Philippines 82-70 while Senegal were too good for Puerto Rico, winning 82-75.
Elsewhere, Dominican Republic beat New Zealand 76-63 and Finland and Slovenia recorded 81-76 and 89-68 wins over Ukraine and Mexico respectively.