The relationship between the US dollar and crude oil has changed again, reflecting America's growing role in the global oil industry.
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The dollar is starting to act like an oil currency
It reflects America's growing role in the global oil industry.
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When oil prices fall, the greenback is traditionally not one of the more vulnerable currencies. And when oil does well, that doesn't necessarily translate to a strong dollar.
That's because the dollar is not a petrocurrency, the term given to currencies of countries like Canada that export oil and rely on the resulting revenue for economic growth. The lines, however, seem to be blurring.
"The USD has started to trade like an oil currency shifting away from a previous relationship seeing the USD and oil in an inverse relationship," Hans Redeker, the global head of foreign-exchange strategy at Morgan Stanley Investment Management, wrote in a note on Tuesday.
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In other words, the dollar has become positively correlated to the price of oil, Redeker and his team observed.
"This new relationship makes sense," the team wrote.
The most important reason, according to Redeker, is that the US has become the new swing producer of oil, meaning that its production levels hold the most sway over global oil prices. That's a role the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, led by Saudi Arabia, predominantly played until the US shale boom.
Oil prices have been unable to rally far above $50 a barrel amid signs that American output and inventories remain high. That's clashing head-on with an agreement some OPEC members and nonmembers made in November to lower output by about 1.2 million barrels a day. Shale producers, after being forced to cut production and costs by the oil crash, continue to demand rigs from service providers to increase output.
Another reason oil matters more to the dollar is that imports have decreased while exports have increased, reducing the related trade deficit. After his inauguration, US President Donald Trump promised to reduce the US's reliance on imports from OPEC. Almost two-thirds of US imports from OPEC members in 2016 were from Saudi Arabia, according to Bloomberg.
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If the US continues to grow the share of exports over imports, oil revenue will play a greater role in its economy and matter more to the dollar.
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