Ceasefire declared after deadly South Sudan clashes

President Salva Kiir's ceasefire order Monday evening was followed by a similar call from ex-rebel and Vice President Riek Machar, raising hopes of an end to three days of deadly fighting between the army and former rebels in the world's youngest nation.

"The president has reiterated his commitment to the continued implementation of the (peace) agreement in letter and spirit, and thus issues an order of cessation of hostilities with immediate effect," Information Minister Michael Makuei said on state television at 6:00 pm local time (1500 GMT).

Machar, a former rebel, then asked troops loyal to him to stop fighting.

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Map of South Sudan locating the capital Juba, site of three days of deadly clashes between the army and former rebels

"I inform all troops who have been fighting and have been defending themselves that they should observe the ceasefire and stay in position," Machar said on Eye Radio Juba.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon meanwhile called for an immediate arms embargo against South Sudan and also appealed to the UN Security Council for targeted sanctions against those involved in the fighting.

The UN mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) should also be strengthened with attack helicopters, Ban said.

UNMISS said "more than 7,000 people" had sought shelter at two compounds it runs for the displaced in Juba, while fighting was also reported in the south-eastern town of Torit where thousands fled to a UN base.

Eight people have been killed and 67 injured at the UN's so-called "Protection of Civilian" sites in Juba since Sunday.

CDS/AFP/File / Charles Lomodong

Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) soldiers sit on the ground at a containment site on the outskirts of Juba, in April 2016

"UNMISS compounds are caught directly between the fighting and continue to sustain impacts from small arms and heavy weapons fire," it said in a statement.

Intense battles were fought Monday with tanks and helicopter gunships deployed and artillery and mortar fire heard in parts of the city.

Witnesses reported "very, very heavy fighting" in Juba with residents barricading themselves inside houses and aid workers holed up in bunkers. The US embassy warned of "serious fighting between government and opposition forces".

The only civilians on the streets scurried for shelter during lulls in fighting.

The United States also condemned the violence, with National Security Advisor Susan Rice calling it "senseless and inexcusable".

- Hundreds killed -

AFP/File / Ashraf Shazly

South Sudan rebel leader Riek Machar returned to Juba in April 2016

The current fighting between soldiers loyal to Kiir, a member of the Dinka tribe, and former rebels backing Machar, a Nuer, was triggered by a deadly altercation at a checkpoint Thursday night.

After a pause on Saturday -- South Sudan's fifth anniversary of independence -- battles began in earnest on Sunday morning, continuing throughout the day in several parts of the city before subsiding overnight and resuming Monday.

AFP/File / Charles Atiki Lomodong

South Sudan's President Salva Kiir answers questions during a press conference in Juba, on July 8, 2016

It is unclear how many have been killed in the fighting since Sunday.

China, once the biggest buyer of South Sudan's oil, expressed serious concern over the flare-up which led to the death of two Chinese peacekeepers.

The clashes are the first between the army and ex-rebels in Juba since Machar returned to take up the post of vice president in a unity government in April.

The violence marks a fresh blow to last year's peace deal which has failed to end the civil war that broke out in December 2013, when Kiir accused Machar of plotting a coup.

- Economic collapse -

AFP/File / Charles Lomodong

More than three million people have been displaced by the conflict in South Sudan

The war has been characterised by rape, ethnic massacres, attacks on civilians, the use of child soldiers, pillage, widespread destruction of property and displacement of millions.

Ministers from the regional IGAD bloc held a special summit in Nairobi on Monday after which senior official Tedros Adhanom urged "all the parties to engage in dialogue instead of violence".

Addressing the summit, Festus Mogae, a former Botswana president who leads a team of internationally-backed monitors, called for an immediate resumption of the ceasefire.

South Sudan has seen more fighting than peace since independence in July 2011. The August 2015 peace deal was supposed to end the conflict but fighting has continued.

Tens of thousands have died in the violence, with close to three million forced from their homes and nearly five million surviving on emergency food rations.

The humanitarian crisis has unfolded alongside an economic one with the currency collapsing and inflation spiralling out of control. The country's mainstay oil industry is in tatters and regional towns have been razed.