25 of the biggest failed products from the world's biggest companies

Launching a product is tough.

"Less than 3% of new consumer packaged goods exceed first-year sales of $50 million considered the benchmark of a highly successful launch," say Joan Schneider and Julie Hall, coauthors of " The New Launch Plan ."

That's part of the reason that the most heavy-hitting names in business from Nintendo to Netflix, Microsoft to McDonald's have had some of the biggest belly flops.

Here's a look at 25 of those flops, and what we can learn from them.

1957 Ford Edsel

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Ford

Bill Gates citestheEdsel flopas his favorite case study .Even the name "Edsel" is synonymous with "marketing failure." Ford invested $400 million into the car, which it introduced in 1957. But Americans literally weren't buying it, because they wanted "smaller, more economic vehicles," according to Associated Content:

"Other pundits have blamed its failure on Ford Motors execs never really defining the model's niche in the car market. The pricing and market aim of most Edsel models was somewhere between the highest-end Ford and the lowest-end Mercury."

It was taken off the market in 1960.

1975 Sony Betamax

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By Franny Wentzel, CC BY-SA 3.0

The 1970s saw a war in home video formats between Betamax and VHS.

Sony made a mistake: It started selling the Betamax in 1975, while its rivals started releasing VHS machines. Sony kept Betamax proprietary, meaning that the market for VHS products quickly outpaced Betamax. Though Betamax was technically superior, VHS won out by simply being ubiquitous.

1985 New Coke

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Retronaut

In the early 1980s, Coke was losing ground to Pepsi. The infamous "Pepsi Challenge" ads were largely responsible for Pepsi's surge. In response, Coca-Colatried to create a product that would taste more like Pepsi .

While New Coke fared well enoughin nationwide taste tests before launching in 1985, it turned out those were misleading. Coke abandoned the product after a few weeks and went back to its old formula. It also gave its product a new name: Coca-Cola Classic.

1989, 1992 Pepsi A.M. and Crystal Pepsi

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Totally 80's Pizza & Museum

In 1989, Pepsi tried to target the "breakfast cola drinker" with Pepsi A.M. It lasted only a year.

In 1992, Pepsi tried again, this time with a clear cola: "Crystal Pepsi." No dice it died in 1993. As a throwback, Pepsi briefly re-introduced Crystal Pepsi in 2016. It's still weird and kinda gross!

1989 RJ Reynolds smokeless cigarettes

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RJ Reynolds

In the 1980s, just as anti-smoking campaigns were heating up, RJ Reynolds put $325 million into a new product: smokeless cigarettes .

They didn't work, and people weren't buying them so four months later, they were gone. You might even say the idea went...up in smoke.

1990 Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water

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YouTube/Gabriel Lefkowitz

This was an interesting experiment in brand extension: Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water launched in 1990 and didn't fare well. It turns out beer drinkers want only one thing from their favorite label beer!

Things turned out okay for Coors in the end; the company continues to be one of the world's largest brewers.

1993 Apple Newton

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Flickr/moparx

The Newton is held up as an example of Apple's bad old days, before it was the world's most valuable company.

Forbes says the Newton PDA flopped for a number of reasons: Its price started at $700, it was 8 inches tall and 4.5 inches wide, and its handwriting recognition was so bad that a classic "Simpsons" episode made fun of it . Of course, Apple eventually turned the mobile tablet market on its head with the introduction of the iPad. They're not called "PDA" devices anymore because of the iPad.

1995 Microsoft Bob

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Microsoft Bob was supposed to be a user-friendly interface for Windows, a project that was at one point managed by Bill Gates' now wife, Melinda. Microsoft killed it one year after launching it in 1995.

Why?

"Unfortunately, the software demanded more performance than typical computer hardware could deliver at the time, and there wasn't an adequately large market," Gates later wrote . "Bob died." As a former Microsoft Bob user with an underpowered 486 PC, I can personally attest to its poor performance on "typical" PC hardware of the time.

1995 Nintendo's Virtual Boy

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Evan Amos/Wikimedia

Nintendo's Virtual Boy was an ambitious push into a burgeoning new technology virtual reality. Simply buy the Virtual Boy and get swept away into the digital environs of VR.

Except the reality of Virtual Boy was totally unlike what it promised. Games were little more than black and red nightmares, with low-resolution graphics and gameplay that would've been better suited to a standard game console. Virtual Boy ended up selling under 1 million units it's the biggest hardware flop in Nintendo's history (a history that goes all the way back to the late 1800s). The tale of the Virtual Boy is often held up in modern times to push back on the waves of hype surrounding new VR tech.

1996 McDonald's Arch Deluxe

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McDonald's/YouTube

In 1996, McDonald's introduced the Arch Deluxe , which never caught on.It was intended to appeal to "urban sophisticates" outside of its target demographic. To reach this group, McDonald's spent $100 million, which makes it one of the most expensive product flops in history.

Turns out, McDonald's was just around 10 years too early today, burger chains like Five Guys and Shake Shack are wildly popular upstarts, hawking slightly more expensive fast-food burgers to the modern equivalent of "urban sophisticates."

1997 Orbitz soda

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Clearly Canadian/YouTube

Although the soda, which looks like a lava lamp, appealed to young kids, it was not tasty (people compared it to cough syrup). It disappeared off shelves within a year of its 1997 debut .

However, Orbitz is still sold on eBay. If you're into drinking decade-old soda, Orbitz is foryou.

1998 Frito-Lay WOW! Chips

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Frito-Lay/YouTube

File this under "too good to be true": In the late '90sFrito-Lay rolled out a miracle food, a line of chips with the upbeat branding of WOW! The marketing claim was tantalizing a compound called Olestra allowed for a fat-free potato chip.

But, much like the "Seinfeld" episode where supposedly fat-free frozen yogurt led to unexpected weight gain, a secret was bubbling under the surface.

"While it provided the satisfaction of tasting just like fat, (Olestra's) molecules were too large to be digested by the body, passing directly through the digestive tract unabsorbed," writes Fast Company . "Sadly, the result was similar to that of a laxative stomach cramps and diarrhea prevailed." Assuredly, those consuming the chips were exclaiming "WOW!" forthe wrong reasons.

1999 Cosmopolitan Yogurt

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Gene Kim

Cosmopolitan made an interesting decision to launch a brand of yogurt in 1999 . Needless to say, the yogurt market was already saturated, and Cosmo's readers were content enough reading the magazine. No word on whether or not it was any good.

2006 Microsoft Zune

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Elaine Thompson/AP

The Zune was built to take on the iPod.It didn't.

Robbie Bach, the former leader of Microsoft's home entertainment and mobile business, gave his explanation as to why :

"We just weren't brave enough, honestly, and we ended up chasing Apple with a product that actually wasn't a bad product, but it was still a chasing product, and there wasn't a reason for somebody to say, oh, I have to go out and get that thing."

The good news is you can still grab one on eBayif you're feeling wild. Go ahead and grab a Microsoft Kin while you're at it.

2006 Mobile ESPN

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ESPN

Mobile ESPN, introduced in January 2006, was one of the biggest flame-outs of "mobile virtual network operators," or MVNOs , in the past decade, which also included Amp'd Mobile , Helio , Disney Mobile , and others .

The idea was that ESPN would exclusively sell a phone that offered exclusive ESPN content and video, leasing network access from Verizon Wireless. But ESPN had only one phone at launch, a Sanyo device selling for $400. Can you imagine buying the phone above for four-hundred big ones? Neither can we.

No one bought it, and ESPN quickly shut down the service, instead providing content to Verizon's mobile internet service. And, of course, smartphones essentially obviated this entire concept.

2006 HD-DVD

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Evan Amos/Wikimedia Commons

Sponsored mostly by Toshiba, HD-DVD was supposed to become the hi-def successor to the DVD when it launched in March 2006. Standalone HD-DVDs players were sold, and Microsoft's Xbox 360 a wildly popular game console sold an HD-DVD attachment (seen above).

But the Sony-led Blu-ray faction ended up winning the format war when Warner Bros. announced it was dumping HD DVD for Blu-ray on Jan. 4, 2008 . It certainly didn't hurt that Sony's PlayStation 3 game console had Blu-ray playback functionality built right in the PlayStation 2 helped christen DVD as the dominant format previously, and the PlayStation 3 took that concept another step further.

About a month later, Toshiba said it would shut down its HD-DVD efforts. Years later, Blu-ray is still the most dominant media format for video playback.

2007 Joost

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Joost

Joost, originally known as "The Venice Project," was supposed to be a peer-to-peer TV network for the future, invented by the European geniuses behind Skype. The company recruited a rising star Mike Volpi away from Cisco to become its CEO. It nabbeda deal with CBS.

Joost was supposed to reinvent the way we consumed professional video.

Instead, Hulu, a joint venture between News Corp., NBC, and Disney, became the go-to site for TV episodes on the web. And who's ever heard of Joost nowadays?

Meanwhile, Joost had all sorts of problems with its P2P architecture, its bulky software player, its content library, and more. After launching in September 2007, it never took off; its scraps soldin late 2009 .

2008 Google Lively

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Google

For some reason, Google thought it had to compete with "Second Life." Remember "Second Life"? The virtual world that looked like a game but was actually just a virtual world for social interactions? Neither do most people. It still exists, powered by a super-dedicated userbase.

Google created its own version of "Second Life" in "Lively," which came out in July 2008. (Unlike"Second Life," "Lively" was supposed to be sex-free .) When the economy went down the toilet, those dreams faded fast. Google quickly pulled the plug by November 2008.

2009 JooJoo

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In the era of a $499 Apple iPad, an inferior tablet computer that also costs $499 doesn't work. (You may remember this device from its previous title, the CrunchPad.) It came out in 2009 and was gone by 2010.

2009 The Nook

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B&N / YouTube

Launched in 2009, Barnes & Noble has now spun off the NOOK into its own company, orphaning the under-achieving e-reader . Sales had been plunging for awhile .

Brian Sozzi, chief equities strategist at Belus Capital Advisors , explained the demise to us :"Shopperscouldn't get beyond Barnes & Noble being a destination for something they no longer want or generally care about, books," Sozzi said. "Barnes & Noble management perpetuated that by not investing aggressively enough in marketing to alter perception."

Perhaps even more importantly, the Nook just isn't a great e-reader Amazon's Kindle is inexpensive, easy to use, and syncs up easily with an Amazon digital account.

2011 Qwikster

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Reuters/Mike Blake

In September 2011, Reed Hastings announced that Netflix would spin off Qwikster as a DVD rental business. This move met tons of criticism , and Hastings backtracked on his statement 23 days later .

At the same time, Netflix announced a video game add-on that would ship game discs to your house. Beyond just the name Qwikster, those plans were also scrapped.

2011 HP Touchpad

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Eric Risberg/AP

HP gave up the TouchPad and its mobile operating system, WebOS, afterjust a month and a half on the market.

The tablet was no iPad killer, selling just 25,000 units for Best Buy over the 49 days it was on the shelves .

And, in fairness to HP , the TouchPad wasn't that bad . It was rough around the edges, but those could have been smoothed in the coming months. It just didn't really do anything better than the iPad , which means it's just like every other tablet out there.

2013 Facebook Home

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Facebook

With Home, Facebook tried to become the homescreen for your phone .

It failed. From our review :

"So, what happens when you have no control over what appears on your phone's home screen?

It becomes a mess."

In less than a month of being released, the two-year subscription plan dropped from $99 to $0.99 .The consensus between reviewers and critics: Home worked only for the most fanatical of users."It was fine for a Facebook addict," one reviewer noted . "But [it] seems to run through a lot of data and battery. Uninstalled."

The flop is reflected by a re-organization in the company ."Facebook has disbanded the team of engineers originally assigned to work on Facebook Home," The New York Times' Mike Isaac reported.

2014 Amazon's Fire Phone

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Amazon's Fire Phone was a flash in the pan getting announced and released in 2014, then being discontinued the following year. It ran on Android, and looked competitive.

In reality, it was a critical and commercial failure. The one big sell point 3D face scanning technology was seen as a gimmick, and a limited availability at AT&T initially didn't help it get off the ground. In the long run, Amazon discontinued the phone 13 months after its launch, and outright retired from phone manufacturing after this one model.

2016 Samsung's Galaxy Note 7

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Baidu/Mr. Ni66666

What can be said about the disastrous Galaxy Note 7 that hasn't already been said? The Note 7 one of Samsung's big flagship phones had a little problem where it occasionally caught fire and/or exploded. There was a car that supposedly was burned down by one. The phones have been outright banned on flights, and Samsung had to recall the entire line. Talk about a self-own!

The Note line, however, persists the latest version is the Samsung Galaxy Note 8.

Aimee Groth, Jay Yarow, and Drake Baer contributed reporting to this story.

25 of the biggest failed products from the world's biggest companies

1957 Ford Edsel

1975 Sony Betamax

1985 New Coke

1989, 1992 Pepsi A.M. and Crystal Pepsi

1989 RJ Reynolds smokeless cigarettes

1990 Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water

1993 Apple Newton

1995 Microsoft Bob

1995 Nintendo's Virtual Boy

1996 McDonald's Arch Deluxe

1997 Orbitz soda

1998 Frito-Lay WOW! Chips

1999 Cosmopolitan Yogurt

2006 Microsoft Zune

2006 Mobile ESPN

2006 HD-DVD

2007 Joost

2008 Google Lively

2009 JooJoo

2009 The Nook

2011 Qwikster

2011 HP Touchpad

2013 Facebook Home

2014 Amazon's Fire Phone

2016 Samsung's Galaxy Note 7

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