'We are going to remember it at the polls': Outcry about fuel price hikes may be trouble for Mexico's government

Those prices will undergo bi-weekly adjustments in February, and starting at the end of March the country will be divided into zones where prices will fluctuate daily based on demand.

All this is part of a price-liberalization scheme that was part of the landmark energy reform passed in 2013, which President Enrique Peña Nieto told his countrymen would "

Immediately after that announcement, leaders of the opposition leftist Party of the Democratic Revolution and conservative National Action Party criticized the move and said the governing Institutional Revolutionary Party, of which Peña Nieto is a member, would be to blame for the resultant social instability and inflation.

A PRD leader called for Mexicans to take to the streets in a "peaceful revolution" against “a lying and treacherous government."

In the days prior to the price hike’s implementation, Mexicans in 10 states mounted demonstrations, and social-media channels echoed with calls for other protests to take place starting on January 1.

Gas stations in several parts of the country were swarmed by drivers looking to stock up on fuel in order to avoid paying higher prices for at least the first few days of the new year.

In the days since January 1, public anger at the price increase — as well as at price increases for basic goods and and other energy services that seem likely to come — doesn't appear to have slacked.

As of Tuesday, transportation workers, social and workers’ groups, members of opposition political parties, and citizens have mounted protests throughout the country, reportedly in 28 of Mexico's 32 states.

On Monday, protests were reported in Mexico City, where demonstrators gathered outside gas stations and hundreds marched through the streets.

In Morelos state, which is southwest of Mexico City, demonstrators held a sit-in at a Pemex distribution and storage facility.

Hundreds of demonstrators also blocked roads connecting Mexico City to neighborhoods and cities in Mexico state, which wraps around the Mexican capital like a horseshoe.

The highway connecting Mexico City with Toluca, the capital of Mexico state, was blocked by protestors with signs reading, “No more gasolinazos.”

Roadblocks in Hidalgo marked the fourth straight day of protests against the fuel price increase in that state.

In Oaxaca, in Mexico’s far south, members of the Workers’ Party and the leftist PDR mounted separate protests

In Puebla — where gas shortages have been widespread and 120 of the over 500 gas stations are closed — social and workers’ groups were joined in their protests by Uber drivers.

Members of the National Regeneration Movement, or Morena — a left-wing party started and led by two-time presidential candidate and 2018 presidential contender Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador — joined with taxi drivers and transportation union members to protest the price hikes in Veracruz.

Starting early Monday morning in Chihuahua, which borders the US, protestors blocked a railway and pipes at a Pemex station.

Protests also lashed Mexico's southwest.

On January 2 in the Jalisco state capital, Guadalajara, masked protestors who had closed roads in the central part of the city clashed with riot police, throwing stones and bottles. The riot police responded by firing tear gas that sent dozens, including some minors, scattering.

In Guerrero, taxi drivers and other public-transport workers forced the closure of gas stations. In Acapulco, Guerrero's main tourist destination and a focal point for drug-related violence, members and supports of Morena took to the waters around a naval installation to protest the fuel price hikes.

In Michoacan, transport workers, students, and residents led numerous protests and blockades. Of the almost 100 gas stations in the city of Morelia, where pre-Christmas gas shortages were widespread, about 65 were reportedly operating.

In a clear sign of public solidarity against the price hike, some fans of the rival Tigres UANL and Rayados de Monterrey soccer clubs posted an event on Facebook titled "Tigres and Rayados vs the government."

"This event is to protest against the government IN A PEACEFUL MANNER for the increases in gasoline, transport, and hence for basic goods," the group's organizers wrote on their page.

Others have mounted efforts to challenge the hikes legally, with a group in Mexico City appealing to the country's Supreme Court to intervene and halt the increases, arguing that the higher prices would constitute a violation of their human rights.

Such a claim isn't outlandish in the context of the Mexico's relationship with the its oil.

In 1938, then-President Lazaro Cardenas of the National Revolutionary Party (a predecessor to Peña Nieto's PRI) nationalized the country's oil industry, a move that pushed out foreign companies and has been heralded by Mexicans since.

Mexicans have long had their gas subsidized by the government, and many in the country now associate that nationalization not only with Mexican patrimony but with cheap prices at the pump.

In the face of rippling backlash, the PRI leadership has tried to justify the price increase.

"It has eliminated the artificial price of fuels, and, in consequence, we are able to save the programs for social security, for attention to poverty, for construction of infrastructure that our country so needs, that were at risk to keep the artificial price of fuels," he said, according to Mexican newspaper Reforma.

Some analysts have acknowledged that increased fuel prices could, in the long-term, improve the allocation of energy resources (and others have argued that the real benefit of subsidies accrues to the most well-off Mexicans), but others have criticized the government's spending choices that have led to this point.

"We have found that the federal executive spends more than what the [legislature] approves," Edna Jaime, director of public-policy think tank México Evalúa told El País.

In 2015, the federal government spent about $380,000 on publicity and communication, well over the roughly $142,000 approved for that part of the budget.

Peña Nieto went on a nine-day vacation on December 26, during which he planned to play golf on New Year's Eve.

The Mexican president has tweeted twice since January 1 — one of which was a New Year's greeting.

In Peña Nieto's apparent absence, the political opposition has been rallying support in the face of government's latest controversial policy.

In addition to criticism of the gasolinazo from the PAN and PRD, Lopez Obrador, the leader of the Morena party, has been capitalizing the economic and political doldrums afflicting Mexico in recent months.

He has promised to attack corruption, create jobs, support the poor and elderly, and bring "real change" to Mexico. He has put himself in opposition to the numerous structural reforms pursued by Peña Nieto, causing trepidation among the country's political and business establishment.

But his stature has been bolstered by both the PRI's missteps and his own fervent pledge to combat corruption. While some see him as the default option for the presidency in 2018, there is quite a way to go before that election and it's still possible AMLO, as he's known, could squander his popularity.

Whatever changes AMLO's public perception sees in the next year and half, however, it seems increasingly unlikely that Peña Nieto will recover from the scandals and shortcomings that have blighted his time in office.

“[Peña Nieto] said that with the energy reform there would be no more gasolinazos and that is a lie, but we are going to remember it at the polls,” Soledad Rincón, who took part in the blockade of a gas station on a major Mexico City thoroughfare, told El País.